Храмов Юрий Афанасьевич
Вопросы про поносы 2026

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  • © Copyright Храмов Юрий Афанасьевич (propft@live.com)
  • Размещен: 28/10/2026, изменен: 28/10/2026. 10k. Статистика.
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  • ( . . " .  " 2013, - Lambert, ISBNS 978-3-659-35962-0. \ \pard , . , , , , . , , . . ?\f0 ( , ) . , , . (  bilirubin - , . hemoglobin ; red blood cells) , , . - . , . , , ( liver ). ( digestive enzymes ) . . , , , - . ? , , . ( pain ) . , , , , . : : -, . , , (digestion ), . : , . , , . : , . : . , , . : . . : , . . :\f0 -, , , : . , .\uc0 , : , , , . , (fiber diet).\uc0, : , , , , . , , , . , . : : , . , ( constipation, ), ( diarrhea ).. : https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-38068-y : , , . - ( hemorrhoids), - . : . : , , . : , , . . . , :\f0 : , , . , , , . -: , - - .\uc0: - , , - , ( gastritis ). : , , ( celiac disease ? pancreatic cancer). : , .\uc0 : - : - , , (diverticulosis, ? colorectal cancer). : - , , - . : , . : , , - , , (hepatitis, cirrhosis, ? gallstones). (=. . ): , , (irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) ? inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). ().\uc0, : , , ( dehydration) .\uc0, : , . , , . (chronic pancreatitis).\uc0 : .\uc0, : .\pard : , , . \itap1Color Potential Cause Comment
    Black GI bleeding This is an emergency
    Black Iron, bismuth Cannot presume this to be the reason for the stool color
    Maroon Gastrointestinal bleeding This is an emergency
    Red Hemorrhoids Only one of the potential causes. Do not ignore
    Red Inflammatory bowel disease Consult a healthcare professional
    Red Infection, diverticular bleed Consult a healthcare professional
    Red Tumor, rapid upper GI bleed Consult a healthcare professional
    Green May be normal Consult a healthcare professional
    Green A diet high in green vegetables Consult a healthcare professional
    Green Associated with diarrhea Consult a healthcare professional
    Brown Normal color Consult a healthcare professional
    Yellow Diseases of the pancreas Malabsorption
    Yellow Celiac disease, cystic fibrosis Consult a healthcare professional
    Yellow Giardia infection Consult a healthcare professional
    Clay, pale yellow, or white Liver or biliary disease Lack of bile in the stool
    \uc0 ( ). -. , - 250 ./24 3- . , , - , . . , . , - . (PubMed) 1975 2015 () () , " ", " ", " ", " ", " " " ". . GRADE, . "", "", . "" "" - "". , "1" ( ) "2" ( ) "" (), "b" () - "c" (). , , , - (). ( -1b) > 4 . (-2b) , " " " ", "" . , ; , , . - . - . -- . , . - 100 % :1) ; 2) . (=CM) ( , , , , , , , , ..). : () CM, , , , , , - . :) (, , , , .); 2) ; 3) ( , .);4) ( ); 5) . CM :1) ;2) ; 3) . . , . - . , " " " " . , : 1) 2) . : \itap1
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    Eherer AJ, Fordtran JS. Fecal osmotic gap and pH in experimental diarrhea of various causes. Gastroenterology 1992;103:545-551.
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    Guagnozzi D, Lucendo AJ, Angueira-Lapena T, et al. Prevalence and incidence of microscopic colitis in patients with diarrhoea of unknown aetiology in a region in central Spain. Dig Liver Dis 2012;44:384-388.
    4. ( .., , ..).. , , , , , , , , .. , . , , . - . , , , - , (=). , , , . , (calprotectin) . ( 1b) . ( 2b) (Supplementary Table 3). (Eherer AJ, Fordtran JS. Fecal osmotic gap and pH in experimental diarrhea of various causes. Gastroenterology 1992;103:545-551.). , , . < 50 mOsm/kg . > 75 mOsm/kg , , . pH (< 7.0) , , , ( ). , - . - . , . , - . : 12 / ; (=) "" . , (, , , ..). , , , . . , , . : () . , . , : , 2 3 . \pard : - , . : , . ( 30 40 ), . , , , . , . , , - . - ( ) ( 72 ). (100 ). 72 . 100 24 . 7 / 100 24 . , . . . , , ( - ) , - 4 . - , , . , , , , - ( ). , . , , , . ( - ) , , , , . , 2013 2016 . , . , . . , Clostridium. . (< 4 ) , . , . ( ) / . , - (, ), (, ), (). , , , , . , . - , . , , () , . , , , , (=sitophobia). , , , , "". , ,( ), , , , . , , , (). IBD, , . , ( ), (, , , .), , ( , ) ( , pyoderma gangrenosum .). . \f1 \pard , . , , . , , - , . , , , . " . " , . (BMT) . . , , 12. , . , . , , ( - ). , , (=jejunoileal), , , , / (= ). , 1 . , - , , . , , . , , : . , , . . , , . . , . ; - , . . 1 % . , , . . , HIV . , . . , , . , , . . . . . , , . , , , . . , . . . -- , , . , , ( ). . 15% , , . . , , - , - (=glucagonoma). . , , , . , , , - . , , (= ), . . ( ), ( ) ( ). - , , , . , , , (, ), ( ), ( , ), ( ), ( ) ( , , ). : (Laxative) 1. , . 2. melanosis coli ( ). 3. ( ). 4. * : anthraquinones, bisacodyl, phenolphthalein; anthraquinones > 32 . 5. : < 250 mOsm/kg. 6. ; : 290 - 2 ( + ) 7. : > 50 mOsm/kg, ! ( < 45 mmol/L < 30 mEq ). 8. . * . . " Laxative" , anthraquinones, bisacodyl, phenolphthalein, , , , , . Docusate , Colace, , , . . 4 , "". , , , . , . ,- , . , ( ) , , , ( 290 /L). <> . , , 3 , 4- > 250 g/24, : 45.2 % , - 16.1 %, - 16.1 %. 9.4 % . - (Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:2520-2528) - . , , . , , . . , (> 750 mL/24) . (< 350 mL/24) . -- . . , - , . , . , . - , . , , , . , , , , , , , , , , , . , < > . , , . , , , / ( -SBBO), . , , . . , , , , , , , (GVHD) ( ). - , . , , , - . , , (bloating), - : , ; ; . ( : Yu D, Cheeseman F, Vanner S. Combined oro-caecal scintigraphy and lactulose hydrogen breath testing demonstrate that breath testing detects oro-caecal transit, not small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with IBS. Gut 2011;60:334-340.) , : , , , . - - , / . - 72- . , / . - [2 (K + + Na +)] . - ( ) . - pH . () - , 5 % . , , , . , 4 ( 1 ). , 4 . \uc0, 1 %-5 % . , . ( ) : , (=IBS, = ), , . IBS, , ( IV ) ( < 3 3 , , >). . , . , , , - , IV IBS , . , , . ( , , ). (bloating) . , - ( ). . .( Mearin F, Lacy BE. Diagnostic criteria in IBS: useful or not? Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012;24:791-801). , . ( Table 1). . , - . , . - . . ( Table 2) (https://www.cghjournal.org/article/S1542-3565(16)30501-8/fulltext). (HIV) , . - , , , , . , , , . , , , . . , , ( , . . (1a) - . , , SIBO. . \pard1. .\ls12. .\ls13. ( ) .\ls14. , 1 . \ls15. -- \pard http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2341454515001027

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  • © Copyright Храмов Юрий Афанасьевич (propft@live.com)
  • Обновлено: 28/10/2026. 10k. Статистика.
  • Эссе: Естеств.науки
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