# Ошибки современной физики-9

Александр Леонидович Шаляпин

О кризисе в физике

'O 'N'E'K'O'S'O'Q'\'V 'N'E'S'O'X'N'O'R'S'`'V 'B 'O'X'E'N'] 'S'O'X'N'O'J 'N'@'T'K'E 'K'L'@'R'R'I'X'E'R'K'O'J '^'L'E'K'S'Q'O'D'I'N'@'M'I'K'E


'B 't'p'~'~'?'z '''p'q'?'''u 'x'p'''''?'~'...'''? 'r'?'?'|'~'u '?'%'u'r'y't'~'?'u 'r'?'?'''?'?'?, '{'?'''?'''?'u '?'%'u'~'? '%'p'?'''? 'r'?'''''u'%'p'?'''?'' 'r '''p'{'?'z '''?'%'~'?'z '~'p'...'{'u '{'p'{ '{'|'p'?'?'y'%'u'?'{'p'' '?'|'u'{'''''?'t'y'~'p'}'y'{'p. 'R'''p'''?'? '}'?'w'~'? 'q'?'|'? 'q'? '?'x'p's'|'p'r'y'''? 'y '''p'{: "'K'p'{ '''p'{ '?'|'...'%'y'|'?'?'?, '%'''? 'r'?'u 'r'}'u'?'''u '?'%'u'~'? 't'''...'w'~'? '~'u 'x'p'}'u'''y'|'y '?'q'?'%'~'?'╪ '?'''?'t'?'|'?'~'?'╪ '?'|'u'{'''''y'%'u'?'{'y'╪ 'r'?'|'~ 'r 'r'p'{'...'...'}'u 'r '''p'}'{'p'╪ '?'p'}'?'z '?'q'?'%'~'?'z '{'|'p'?'?'y'%'u'?'{'?'z '?'|'u'{'''''?'t'y'~'p'}'y'{'y?

'@ '''u'?'u'''? '~'p'%'~'u'} 'r'?'u '?'? '?'?'''''t'{'... 'y 'r '{'p'%'u'?'''r'u '?'q'''p'x'?'p 'r'?'x'?'}'u'} '''y'?'y'%'~'?'z '...'%'u'q'~'y'{ 'I.'B. 'R'p'r'u'|'?'u'r'p "'K'...'''? '?'q'''u'z '┼'y'x'y'{'y", ''. 2 [1], '{'?'''?'''?'z '?'''|'y'%'p'u'''?'' 't'?'?'''p'''?'%'~'? '...'?'?'''''t'?'%'u'~'~'?'} 'y'x'|'?'w'u'~'y'u'} '}'p'''u'''y'p'|'p.

'H'p '''u't'{'y'} 'y'?'{'|'?'%'u'~'y'u'}, '}'p'''u'''y'p'| '?'? '?'|'u'{'''''?'}'p's'~'u'''y'x'}'... 'y'x'|'?'w'u'~ '?'''y'}'u'''~'? '''p'{ 'w'u 'y 'r 't'''...'s'y'╪ '...'%'u'q'~'y'{'p'╪ 't'|'' 'r'...'x'?'r. 'P'?'?'''?'}'... '?'t'u'|'p'~'~'?'u 'x't'u'?'? 'x'p'}'u'%'p'~'y'' '?'?'r'u'''?'u'~'~'? '~'u '?'''~'?'?'''''?'' '|'y'%'~'? '{ 'p'r'''?'''... 't'p'~'~'?'s'? '...'%'u'q'~'y'{'p, 'p '?'{'?'''u'u 'r'?'u's'?, '{'p'?'p'?'''?'' '...'''?'r'~'' '?'?'~'y'}'p'~'y'' '?'|'u'{'''''?'}'p's'~'y'''~'?'╪ '''r'|'u'~'y'z '?'?'r'''u'}'u'~'~'?'}'y '┼'y'x'y'{'p'}'y. 'I '''p'{, '%'y'''p'u'} ('?''''. 302).

"'B 's'|'p'r'u I'V '}'? 'r'?'''?'~'y'|'y, '%'''? '?'u'''u'}'u'~'~'?'u '?'|'u'{'''''y'%'u'?'{'?'u '?'?'|'u '?'?'''?'w't'p'u'' '}'p's'~'y'''~'?'u, '{'?'''?'''?'u, 'r'?'?'q'''u 's'?'r'?'''', '''?'w'u '?'{'p'x'?'r'p'u'''?'' '?'u'''u'}'u'~'~'?'}. '^'''? '?'u'''u'}'u'~'~'?'u '}'p's'~'y'''~'?'u '?'?'|'u '?'?'''?'w't'p'u'' '?'|'u'{'''''y'%'u'?'{'?'u 'y ''.'t. 'S'p'{'y'} '?'q'''p'x'?'}, 'u'?'|'y 'r'?'x'q'...'t'y'''? '? '?'?'}'?'''?'? '{'?'|'u'q'|'?'''y'╪'?'' 'x'p'''''t'?'r '?'u'''u'}'u'~'~'?'u '?'|'u'{'''''?'}'p's'~'y'''~'?'u '?'?'|'u, '''? 'r '?'{'''...'w'p'?'''u'} 'x'p'''''t'? '?'''?'?'''''p'~'?'''r'u 'r'?'x'~'y'{'~'u'' '?'?'?'|'u't'?'r'p'''u'|'?'~'?'?'''? 'r'x'p'y'}'~'?'╪ '?'''u'r'''p'''u'~'y'z '?'|'u'{'''''y'%'u'?'{'?'s'? 'y '}'p's'~'y'''~'?'s'? '?'?'|'u'z, '''p'?'?'''?'?'''''p'~'''?'''y'╪'?'' '?'' '''?'%'{'y. '^'''?'' '?'''?'?'u'?'? 'q'...'t'u'' '?'u'''y'?'t'y'%'u'?'{'y'} 'r'? 'r'''u'}'u'~'y 'y 'r '?'''?'?'''''p'~'?'''r'u 'y, '?'|'u't'?'r'p'''u'|'?'~'?, '?'''u't'?'''p'r'|'''u'' '?'?'q'?'z 'r'?'|'~'...".

'P'?'|'...'%'p'u'''?'' '''p'{, '%'''?, 'u'''u '?'?'r'u'''?'u'~'~'? '~'u 'x'~'p'' '}'u'╪'p'~'y'x'}'?'r '┼'?'''}'y'''?'r'p'~'y'' '?'y'|'?'r'?'╪ '?'?'|'u'z, '...'w'u '...'''r'u'''w't'p'u'''?'', '%'''? '?'u'''u'}'u'~'~'?'u '?'|'u'{'''''y'%'u'?'{'?'u '?'?'|'u '}'?'w'u'' '?'?'''?'t'y'''? '}'p's'~'y'''~'?'u '?'?'|'u ('?'''y '?'''?'} '?'q'''x'p'''u'|'?'~'? - '?'u'''u'}'u'~'~'?'u) 'y '~'p'?'q'?'''?''.

'@ 'r'?'', 'r '|'u'{'?'y'''╪ '... 'U'u'z'~'}'p'~'p [2] '''p'{'?'s'? 'r'x'p'y'}'~'?'s'? '?'''u'r'''p'''u'~'y'' '?'?'|'u'z 'r'?'?'q'''u '~'u '?'''?'?'}'p'''''y'r'p'u'''?''.

'B '|'u'{'?'y'''╪ 'U'u'z'~'}'p'~'p ('r'?'?. 6) 't'?'?'''p'''?'%'~'? '?'?'?'|'u't'?'r'p'''u'|'?'~'? '?'?'{'p'x'p'~'?, '%'''? '?'''y'%'y'~'?'z 'r'?'x'~'y'{'~'?'r'u'~'y'' '?'u'''u'}'u'~'~'?'s'? '?'|'u'{'''''y'%'u'?'{'?'s'? 'y '}'p's'~'y'''~'?'s'? '?'?'|'u'z '''r'|'''u'''?'' 't'r'y'w'...'''y'z'?'' 'y '...'?'{'?'''''?'''y'z'?'' "'''?'%'u'%'~'?'z" 'x'p'''''t, ''.'u. '?'p'}'?'z '?'q'?'%'~'?'z '?'|'u'{'''''?'~. 'I 't'p'~'~'?'u '?'y'|'?'r'?'u '?'?'|'' 'x'p'''?'w't'p'?'''?'' '?'t'~'?'r'''u'}'u'~'~'?, '?'y'~'┼'p'x'~'? 'y '?'y'~'╪'''?'~'~'? '? '...'?'{'?'''u'~'y'u'} '?'|'u'{'''''?'~'p, '''p'x'...'}'u'u'''?'', '? '...'%'u'''?'} 'x'p'?'p'x't'?'r'p'~'y'' '''p'?'?'u'''~'~'?'╪ 't'r'y'w'...'''y'}'?'' '?'|'u'{'''''?'~'?'} 'r'?'|'~ 'r'p'{'...'...'}'p.

'P'''y '?'''?'}, '?'?'r'?'u'} '~'u '?'q'''x'p'''u'|'?'~'? 'q'...'t'...'' '┼'?'''}'y'''?'r'p'''?'?'' '?'y'~'...'?'?'y't'p'|'?'~'?'u '?'y'|'?'r'?'u '?'?'|''. 'M'?'s'...'' '''?'w't'p'''?'?'' 'y'}'?'...'|'?'?'~'?'u '?'y'|'?'r'?'u '?'?'|'' 'y'|'y '|'?'q'?'z 't'''...'s'?'z '┼'?'''}'? 'r'?'|'?'''? 't'? '?'?'?'''?'''~'~'?'╪ '?'?'|'u'z.

'D'p'|'u'u 'r '...'%'u'q'~'y'{'u [1] '~'p '?'?'~'?'r'u '...'''p'r'~'u'~'y'z 'M'p'{'?'r'u'|'|'p, '?'?'|'...'%'u'~'~'?'╪ '?'u'''r'?'~'p'%'p'|'?'~'?, '{'p'{ 'y'x'r'u'?'''~'?, 'y'x '?'?'?'''~'?'╪ 't'p'~'~'?'╪, 'r'?'r'?'t'''''?'' 'r'?'|'~'?'r'?'u '...'''p'r'~'u'~'y'' 't'|'' '?'y'|'?'r'?'╪ '?'?'|'u'z. 'O't'~'p'{'? 'x't'u'?'? '}'?'s'...'' 'q'?'''? 'r'?'|'~'? '|'?'q'?'s'? '''y'?'p - '{'p'{ '?'''?'t'?'|'?'~'?'u, '''p'{ 'y '?'?'?'u'''u'%'~'?'u.

'L'y'?'? 'r '?'?'?'|'u't'~'u'u 'r'''u'}'' '?'''p'{'''y'%'u'?'{'y 'r'?'u '?'?'~'?'r'~'?'u '...'''p'r'~'u'~'y'' '{'|'p'?'?'y'%'u'?'{'?'z '?'|'u'{'''''?'t'y'~'p'}'y'{'y 'q'?'|'y '?'?'|'~'?'?'''?'? 'r'?'r'u't'u'~'?, 'y'?'╪'?'t'' 'y'x '?'%'u'~'? '?'''?'?'''?'╪ 'r'?'|'~'?'r'?'╪ '?'''?'?'u'?'?'?'r 'r '┼'y'x'y'%'u'?'{'?'} 'r'p'{'...'...'}'u [3].

'^'|'u'{'''''?'~, '?'?'r'u'''?'p'' '...'?'{'?'''u'~'y'u, '?'''?'y'x'r'?'t'y'' '}'?'t'...'|'''?'y'? 'r'? 'r'''u'}'u'~'y '?'r'?'u's'? '?'|'u'{'''''y'%'u'?'{'?'s'? '?'?'|''. 'P'''y '?'''?'} 'r '~'p'?'''p'r'|'u'~'y'y '...'?'{'?'''u'~'y'' '?'|'u'{'''''?'~'p '?'''?'y'x'r'?'t'y'''?'' '}'?'t'...'|'''?'y'' '?'''?'t'?'|'?'~'?'╪ '?'|'u'{'''''y'%'u'?'{'y'╪ 'r'?'|'~, 'p 'r '~'p'?'''p'r'|'u'~'y'y, '?'u'''?'u'~'t'y'{'...'|'''''~'?'} '...'?'{'?'''u'~'y'? '?'|'u'{'''''?'~'p, '?'''?'y'x'r'?'t'y'''?'' '}'?'t'...'|'''?'y'' '?'?'?'u'''u'%'~'?'╪ '?'|'u'{'''''?'}'p's'~'y'''~'?'╪ 'r'?'|'~. 'M'u'╪'p'~'y'x'} '┼'?'''}'y'''?'r'p'~'y'' '?'y'|'?'r'?'╪ '?'?'|'u'z 'y'x '''p'?'?'u'''~'~'?'╪ '?'|'u'{'''''?'~'?'} 'r'?'|'~ '┼'y'x'y'%'u'?'{'?'s'? 'r'p'{'...'...'}'p '?'%'u'~'? '?'?'t'''?'q'~'? '''p'?'?'}'?'''''u'~ 'r '''p'q'?'''u [3].

'B '{'p'%'u'?'''r'u '?'''y'}'u'''p '┼'?'''}'y'''?'r'p'~'y'' '?'''?'t'?'|'?'~'?'z '?'|'u'{'''''y'%'u'?'{'?'z 'r'?'|'~'? '''p'?'?'}'?'''''y'} '?'''?'╪'?'w't'u'~'y'u '?'|'u'{'''''y'%'u'?'{'?'z 'r'?'|'~'? '%'u'''u'x '?'|'?'?'{'y'z '?'|'u'{'''''y'%'u'?'{'y'z '{'?'~'t'u'~'?'p'''?''. 'D'?'?'...'?'''y'}, '%'''? 'r 'y'?'╪'?'t'~'?'} '?'?'?'''?'''~'y'y '{'?'~'t'u'~'?'p'''?'' '~'u 'x'p'''''w'u'~, 'y '?'|'u'{'''''y'%'u'?'{'?'u '?'?'|'u 'r '~'u'} '''p'r'~'''u'''?'' '~'...'|'?.

'P'''y '?'?'t'p'%'u '?'|'u'{'''''y'%'u'?'{'?'s'? '?'y's'~'p'|'p '~'p '?'?'t'r'?'t'''''y'z '?'''?'r'?'t 'r'╪'?'t'~'?'z '?'|'p'?'''y'~'? '{'?'~'t'u'~'?'p'''?'''p, '?'?'''u'~'?'y'p'| '~'p '~'u'z '~'p'%'~'u'' 'y'x'}'u'~'''''?'?''. 'P'''y '?'''?'} '?'u'''u'}'u'~'~'?'u '?'|'u'{'''''y'%'u'?'{'?'u '?'?'|'u 'r 'r'y't'u '?'''?'t'?'|'?'~'?'z '?'|'u'{'''''y'%'u'?'{'?'z 'r'?'|'~'? '?'? '?'{'?'''?'?'''?'? '? '~'p'%'~'u'' '''p'?'?'''?'?'''''p'~'''''?'?'' 'r '~'p'?'''p'r'|'u'~'y'y 'r'''?'''?'z ('r'?'╪'?'t'~'?'z) '?'|'p'?'''y'~'? '{'?'~'t'u'~'?'p'''?'''p. 'B 't'p'~'~'?'} '?'|'...'%'p'u '}'? 'y'}'u'u'} 't'u'|'? '? '?'''?'╪'?'w't'u'~'y'u'} '?'''?'t'?'|'?'~'?'z '?'|'u'{'''''y'%'u'?'{'?'z 'r'?'|'~'?, '?'?'?'{'?'|'?'{'... 'r'?'|'~'p '''p'?'?'''?'?'''''p'~'''u'''?'' '?'u'''?'u'~'t'y'{'...'|'''''~'? '?'|'p'?'''y'~'p'} '{'?'~'t'u'~'?'p'''?'''p, 'y '~'p'?'''p'r'|'u'~'y'u '?'|'u'{'''''y'%'u'?'{'?'s'? 'r'u'{'''?'''p '?'?'r'?'p't'p'u'' '? '~'p'?'''p'r'|'u'~'y'u'} 't'r'y'w'u'~'y'' 'r'?'|'~'?.

'R'?'...'?'''' 'y'~'''u'''r'p'| 'r'''u'}'u'~'y d/c , 's't'u d - '''p'?'?'''?'''~'y'u '}'u'w't'... '?'|'p'?'''y'~'p'}'y '{'?'~'t'u'~'?'p'''?'''p, '?'?'''u'~'?'y'p'| 'r'''?'''?'z '?'|'p'?'''y'~'? '{'?'~'t'u'~'?'p'''?'''p '''p'{'w'u '~'p'%'~'u'' 'y'x'}'u'~'''''?'?''.

'O't'~'?'r'''u'}'u'~'~'? '? '?'?'''r'|'u'~'y'u'} '?'''?'t'?'|'?'~'?'z '?'|'u'{'''''y'%'u'?'{'?'z 'r'?'|'~'? '}'u'w't'... '?'|'p'?'''y'~'p'}'y '{'?'~'t'u'~'?'p'''?'''p 'x't'u'?'? 'w'u '?'q'''p'x'...'u'''?'' 'p'{'?'y'p'|'?'~'?'u '}'p's'~'y'''~'?'u '?'?'|'u, 'r'?'x'r'p'~'~'?'u '?'''?'''u'{'p'~'y'u'} '''?'{'p '~'p '?'?'t'r'?'t'''''u'} '?'''?'r'?'t'~'y'{'u '{ '{'?'~'t'u'~'?'p'''?'''....

'D'|'' 't'p'~'~'?'s'? '?'|'...'%'p'' ('r'p'{'...'...'}'~'?'s'? '?'''?'}'u'w'...'''{'p '}'u'w't'... '?'|'p'?'''y'~'p'}'y '{'?'~'t'u'~'?'p'''?'''p) '?'?'t'?'z't'u'' '?'|'u't'...'?'''u'u '...'''p'r'~'u'~'y'u 'M'p'{'?'r'u'|'|'p:


rot H = (?Г0 /c) d E / d t (1)


's't'u 'N - 'r'u'{'''?'' '}'p's'~'y'''~'?'s'? '?'?'|'', 'E - 'r'u'{'''?'' '?'|'u'{'''''y'%'u'?'{'?'s'? '?'?'|'', ?Г0 - 't'y'?'|'u'{'''''y'%'u'?'{'p'' '?'?'?'''?'''~'~'p'' 'r'p'{'...'...'}'p. 'P'? '?'%'u'~'? '╪'?'''?'?'? 'y'x'r'u'?'''~'?'z 'y'?'''?'''y'%'u'?'{'?'z '?'''y'%'y'~'u, '?'''p'r'...'? '%'p'?'''? 'r '...'''p'r'~'u'~'y'y (1) '%'p'?'''? '~'p'x'?'r'p'?'' "'''?'{'?'} '?'}'u'''u'~'y''", '╪'?'''' 't'|'' '?'''?'s'? '~'u'' '?'?'?'q'?'╪ '?'?'~'?'r'p'~'y'z, 't'p 'y '?'p'} 'M'p'{'?'r'u'|'| 'r'r'u'| '?'''?'' '''u'''}'y'~ '%'y'?'''? '┼'?'''}'p'|'?'~'?, '~'u '?'''y't'p'r'p'' 'u'}'... '~'y'{'p'{'?'s'? '┼'y'x'y'%'u'?'{'?'s'? '?'}'?'?'|'p.

'B'?'', 'x't'u'?'?-'''? 'y 'x'p'''u'''''|'p'?'? '~'p'?'p '? 'B'p'}'y '?'''?'t'?'|'?'~'p'' '?'|'u'{'''''y'%'u'?'{'p'' 'r'?'|'~'p, '{'?'''?'''p'' 'x'p'}'p'?'{'y'''?'r'p'|'p'?'? '?'?'t '?'''?'t'?'|'?'~'?'z '''?'{ '?'}'u'''u'~'y''.

'O'''?'?'t'p '?'|'u't'...'u'' 'r'?'r'?'t, '%'''? '?'' 'r'r'u't'u'~'y'' '|'y'?'~'y'╪ "'{'''p'?'y'r'?'╪ '?'|'?'r" 'r '{'|'p'?'?'y'%'u'?'{'...'? '?'|'u'{'''''?'t'y'~'p'}'y'{'... 'u'u '?'?'~'y'}'p'~'y'u '~'y'%'...'''? '~'u '...'|'...'%'?'p'u'''?'', 'p, '?'{'?'''u'u, '~'p'?'q'?'''?'' '...'╪'...'t'?'p'u'''?''.

'N'p'q'|'?'t'p'''? '?'''?'╪'?'w't'u'~'y'u '?'''?'t'?'|'?'~'?'z '?'|'u'{'''''y'%'u'?'{'?'z 'r'?'|'~'? 't'?'?'''p'''?'%'~'? '|'u's'{'? 'r '?'q'?'%'~'?'} '?'''?'r'?'t'~'y'{'u, 'u'?'|'y '?'?'t'p'''? '~'p 'u's'? 'r'╪'?'t '{'?'''?'''{'y'z '?'|'u'{'''''y'%'u'?'{'y'z 'y'}'?'...'|'?'?. 'D'|'' 'y'x'}'u'''u'~'y'' 'r'''u'}'u'~'y '?'''?'╪'?'w't'u'~'y'' 'r'?'|'~'? '?'? '?'''?'r'?'t'~'y'{'... '~'...'w'~'? 'y'}'u'''? 't'?'?'''p'''?'%'~'? 'r'?'?'?'{'?'%'p'?'''?'''~'?'z '?'?'?'y'|'|'?'s'''p'┼ 'y '?'y'''?'{'?'?'?'|'?'?'~'?'z 'y'}'?'...'|'?'?'~'?'z '...'?'y'|'y'''u'|'?.


'L'y'''u'''p'''...'''p


1. 'R'p'r'u'|'?'u'r 'I.'B. 'K'...'''? '?'q'''u'z '┼'y'x'y'{'y. '^'|'u'{'''''y'%'u'?'''r'? 'y '}'p's'~'u'''y'x'}. 'B'?'|'~'?. 'O'?'''y'{'p. 'M.: 'N'p'...'{'p, 1982. T.2.

2. 'U'u'z'~'}'p'~ 'Q., 'L'?'z'''?'~ 'Q., 'R'?'~'t'? 'M. 'U'u'z'~'}'p'~'?'r'?'{'y'u '|'u'{'?'y'y '?'? '┼'y'x'y'{'u. '^'|'u'{'''''?'t'y'~'p'}'y'{'p. 'M.: 'M'y'', 1977. 'B'?'?. 6. 3. 'Y'p'|'''?'y'~ '@.'L., 'R'''...'{'p'|'?'r 'B.'I. 'B'r'u't'u'~'y'u 'r '{'|'p'?'?'y'%'u'?'{'...'? '?'|'u'{'''''?'t'y'~'p'}'y'{'... 'y 'p'''?'}'~'...'? '┼'y'x'y'{'.... 'E'{'p'''u'''y'~'q'...'''s. 'I'x't-'r'? 'T'M'W 'T'P'I, 2006. 490 '?.